Human Anatomy as Part of Nursing Curriculum

Question: Discuss about the Human Anatomy as Part of Nursing Curriculum. Answer: Introduction Effective nursing involves an all-embracing understanding of the various fields of bioscience. The various fields of bioscience include microbiology, pathology, pharmacology, human anatomy, physiology and basic concepts of physics and chemistry. However, lack of discernment of these fields that leads to a dearth in nursing care imparted to the patients. These fields are all interrelated and a prior knowledge aids in efficacious assessment of the condition of the patient. The chosen research article appertains to the idea that human anatomical study is necessary for every person pertaining to the healthcare industry (Johston, 2010). It concentrates on the necessity of teaching human anatomy with the help of a practical approach. The article discusses about a feedback carried out involving the nursing students and their opinion post a single incidence of exposing the students to a cadaver and understanding their approach of assessment of the cadaver. The author to consider the situatio n conducted a qualitative study. Literature Review To begin with, the authors reviews on literature states how nursing students in Australia rarely have a hands-on experience with the human cadavers. Their curriculum only includes attending lectures and that hardly includes exploration of the subjects of bioscience. Nursing students are not very keen in learning bioscience as part of their nursing curriculum as the failure rates are very high for these subjects (Mitchell, McCrorie Sedgwick, 2004). The author discusses how the complexity of the subjects makes the students lose their interest in this subject. This lack of knowledge prevents the nurse from critically analyzing the condition of a person because most of the times they are not aware how far the diseased condition deviates from the optimal condition of the human body (Pandey Zimitat, 2007). The nurses can only get equipped to treat a patient and provide with swift prognosis of the condition, if they decide to be through with the human anatomy. The author has also stressed in the article how the implementation of the anatomical study can be carried out. The interest of the student fizzes out mostly because the anatomical study and several other fields of bioscience are considered chaotic and unformed (Shors, 2006). The careful selection of author based on his knowledge, depth the student is going to build and time to be imparted to teach the subject, is also an important facet, which needs to be considered according to the author (Johnston McAllister, 2008). A measure to make the lectures interesting by incorporation of visual channels such as the video clips and multimedia presentations has also been discussed by the author (Weatherall, 2006). The author has especially stressed on the part where the introduction of human cadaver in anatomical study is involved. Although she agrees that the access to cadavers is limited, therefore she goes onto suggesting of the usage of the same specimens for several lecture sessions. Lack of experience on a clinical scale renders the nurses unprepared in carrying out their job conclusively (Kim, 2005). The author also suggests that the dearth of a study, which does not involve dissection, cannot help the students to further their nursing skills which is no longer limited to providing care by following the orders of a prescribing doctor (Winkelmann, 2007). The nurses will have to face situations where self-judgment of the condition of the patient will be an absolute necessity and a prompt action to relive the patient of the sufferance will be equally crucial. For such an unavoidable circumstance, prior knowledge is of utmost importance. Therefore, it has been justifiably suggested by the author that to meet the technologically advanced and intellectually taxing times of the 21st century, nurses have to be equipped with substantial knowledge of human anatomy and if possible, several other subjects related to bioscience. Methodology The author chose the first year nursing students at the Griffith University as the subject for the study (Johston, 2010). The anatomy lab at the School of Nursing and Midwifery was selected as the location of the study. The duration of the study was two hrs and the subjects (75) were exposed to six carefully dissected parts of the human cadaver. The specimens included parts of the limbs (both, lower and upper limb), quadrants (both, lower and upper quadrant), torso and full body. A senior nurse conducted the orientation. The students were then briefed in details regarding the way the specimens were prepared. The safety, behavior and conduct concerns were also discussed in details with the students. The students were also instructed about the vis--vis of the donation of the body. The nursing students belong to different cultural backgrounds and it become necessary for them to understand the way the anatomical study is conducted. Therefore, they are further instructed about these areas . Students are also provided with the minutiae of the specimen on display as well as features related to its pathophysiology. The discussion dealt with the planes and sections of the body parts such as the urethra, oesophagus, trachea, nasal cavity, the location and the profile of the different organs, the volume and location of the nerve tracts, the location and the width of the skeletal muscles. Post the orientation module, the students were asked to explore the specimens in order to put the discussion session into practical use. This part was then followed by the filling of the feedback form by the students, which consisted of a questionnaire, which had a Likert-scale of assessment. Simple concepts of percentage calculation were applied to study the feedback from the reports. Ethics Consideration For the study carried out by the author, no sort of clearance on a formal note was necessary from the National and University Ethics Committee (Johnston, 2010). The data collected with the help of the feedback forms was part of the customary appraisal of the course, which is recognizable as part of the semester. The students were given explanation regarding the requirement of the feedback form. Students who chose to remain anonymous in their participation or refrained from answering few of the questions exempted. Significant Results The author has employed a qualitative approach towards the study where she has introduced a feedback questionnaire to the nursing students where they had to write about the hands-on experience and use the Likert-scale to assess the questions in the form (Johnston, 2010). It was seen that 96% of the students gave a positive feedback, which means that they would appreciate such modulation in their curriculum. A rate as high as 85% of the students found it relevant to their study. This figure has been an average estimation based on the two figures which was derived based on the points where the students believed that the hands-on study would help them in future from the aspect of nursing and the other half of the students who considered it relevant to their theoretical study of human anatomy and physiology. An upsetting figure was observed where 40% of the students were glad that there would not be a repetition of the laboratory visit. However, it was later observed that the failure rate had an impressive lowering of percentage. Hence, it can be reasonably concluded that the visit was helpful for the students to perform better as it imparted sound understanding of the concepts of human anatomy. Reflective Critique The research illustrates the idea that the clearly that the incorporation of the subject of human anatomy helps the nursing students to develop a critical bent of mind which will in future help them in evaluating the condition of the patient better. A holistic approach towards the treatment of the patient receives top priority and the promised can only be delivered if the implementation of medical knowledge is carried out (El-Sayed El-Raouf, 2013). The quality of learning of these subjects can only improve and prove to be easier if the students can be taught to visualize. For example, the plane based and sectional studies of the various parts of the body such as the vagina, rectal passage and urethra, aided the patients in performing efficient catheterization process. It also helped them in the intubation/extubation procedure of trachea, based on their prior knowledge of the profile and placement within the body (McLachlan, 2004). The theoretical assistance of human anatomy also allowed the students to analyze the diagnoses and the reports in a more efficient way. They were able to explain to their respective patients even the meaning of their ECG report or their lipid-profile study. Not only in depth study of these subjects but also a practical experience by studying various case histories, will lead to better grasp of the nitty-gritty of anatomy (Crane Cox, 2013). The whole point of this study is to reduce considerably the gap between theory and practice (Gordon et al., 2012). Recommendation The author should consider carrying a similar study either taking into consideration the field bioscience as a whole or considering each subjects that forms bioscience, among the nursing students to assess whether it is anatomy alone or they are anxious about studying bioscience. Other than that, a study can also be carried out on whether having a prior background in bioscience would help the nursing students to deal with these subjects. References: Crane, J., Cox, J. (2013). More than Just a Lack of Knowledge: A Discussion of the Potential Hidden-Impact of Poor Pre-enrolment Science Background on Nursing Student Success in Bioscience Subjects. International Journal of Innovation in Science and Mathematics Education (formerly CAL-laborate International), 21(2). El-Sayed, R. E. S. H., El-Raouf, S. E. H. A. (2013). Video-based lectures: An emerging paradigm for teaching human anatomy and physiology to student nurses. Alexandria Journal of Medicine, 49(3), 215-222. Gordon, C., Plenderleith, M., Hudson, P., Wirihana, L., Craft, J. (2012). Cross-sectional analysis of undergraduate nursing students' perceptions of bioscience. Proceedings of The Australian Conference on Science and Mathematics Education (formerly UniServe Science Conference). Johnston, A. N. (2010). Anatomy for nurses: Providing students with the best learning experience. Nurse Education in Practice, 10(4), 222-226. Johnston, A. N. B., McAllister, M. (2008). Back to the future with hands-on science: Students perceptions of learning anatomy and physiology. Journal of Nursing Education, 47(9), 417-421. Kim, Y. M. (2005). Effects of a Web-based teaching method on undergraduate nursing students' learning of electrocardiography. Journal of Nursing Education, 44(1), 35. McLachlan, J. C. (2004). New path for teaching anatomy: living anatomy and medical imaging vs. dissection. The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist, 281(1), 4-5. Mitchell, B. S., McCrorie, P., Sedgwick, P. (2004). Student attitudes towards anatomy teaching and learning in a multiprofessional context. Medical Education, 38(7), 737-748. Pandey, P., Zimitat, C. (2007). Medical students' learning of anatomy: memorisation, understanding and visualisation. Medical education, 41(1), 7-14. Shors, T. J. (2006). Stressful experience and learning across the lifespan. Annual review of psychology, 57, 55. Weatherall, D. J. (2006). Science in the undergraduate curriculum during the 20th century. Medical education, 40(3), 195-201. Winkelmann, A. (2007). Anatomical dissection as a teaching method in medical school: a review of the evidence. Medical education, 41(1), 15-22.

Responsepaper free essay sample

The doctors family slowly introduces him to the incredible advancements society has made. The book Looking Backward written by Edward Bellary is a utopian novel because of the society he described is imaginative, and socialism system in 2000 is so perfect that it cannot be achieved in real life.In this book, it is not real because Julian West can sleep through a whole century and still alive. Only a century has passed, he answered, but many a millennium in the worlds history has seen changes. (Chapter 4) As a result, it is a representative utopian novel. Furthermore, some people claim that we should make everyone know the importance of feminist because most of females are treated unfairly in some ways and they do not have the same opportunities and rights as men. For example, in china, if you get a boy, it means your family will have a good luck in this year. We will write a custom essay sample on Responsepaper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Moreover, boys represent the wisdom and wealth because boys are always lively and clever in the elderly peoples eyes, and they can do many more kinds of jobs than girls, thus they have more chance to become an officer or an entrepreneur. The last, in china culture tradition, unlike people usually have high expectation on boys, the only expectation for girls is to find a good husband. However, All that is changed today, no woman is heard nowadays wishing she were a man, nor parents desiring boy rather than girl children. Our girls are as full of ambition for their careers as our boys.Marriage, when it comes, does not mean incarceration for them, nor does it separate them in any way from the larger interests of society, the bustling life of the world. Only when maternity fills a womans mind with new interests does she withdraw from the world for a time. Afterward, and at any time, she may return to her place among her comrades, nor need she ever lose touch with them. Women are a very happy race nowadays, as compared with what they ever were before in the worlds history, and their power of giving happiness to men has been of course increased in proportion. (Chapter 25) Therefore, it is a socialism utopian novel.The book Looking Backward is one of the most influencing books of the history because of his view of what the year 2000 and socialism system would be like is fascinating, and the genders in society are equal. Looking Backward is one of the best and clearest ways have ever seen socialism presented, and in almost every way it seems better than capitalism. In the book, each chapter explores a different aspect of this modern cooperative society. Chapter 15 describes Bellarys vision of the future of publishing, 16 cuisses art, 1 9 is devoted to law, and 20 introduces to education. The ideas are mostly presented through dialogs with the doctor with few actual visits and interactions. In my opinion, the book makes people begin to know what the socialism system is. Furthermore, I believeLooking Backward has affected some females because it emphasizes women are given the same rights as men. Smaller! exclaimed DRP. Elate, Oh, no! The maintenance of all our people is the same. There are no exceptions to that rule, but if any difference were made on account of the interruptions you speak of, it would e by making the womans credit larger, not smaller.Can you think of any service constituting a stronger claim on the nations gratitude than bearing and nursing the nations children? According to our view, none deserve so well of the world as good parents. There is no task so unselfish, so necessarily without return, though the heart is well rewarded, as the nurture of the children who are to make the world for one another when we are gone. (Chapter 25) Indeed every person is cared for, there are no poor, and there are no crimes. They dont make any new laws either.Every man and woman is oaken care of, given the same amount Of credit regardless of how much they work or what they do. The genders are equal. As a result, the book Looking Backward becomes one of the most influencing books of the history. Backward is one of the best and clearest ways I have ever seen socialism discusses art, 19 is devoted to law, and 20 introduces to education. The ideas rights as men. smaller! exclaimed DRP. Elate, Oh, no! The maintenance of all taken care Of, given the same amount Of credit regardless of how much they Backward becomes one of the most influencing books of the history.

ACT Essay Sample Prompts - How Can I Use This Prompt in My Future College Tests?

ACT Essay Sample Prompts - How Can I Use This Prompt in My Future College Tests?There are a few ways that a school can implement an ACT essay prompt. The process will depend on the number of students who submit the questions, and how those students have been assigned to work with the ACT writing and review sections. Many schools have already discovered the ability to come up with questions that can be used throughout the entire school year, and many of these prompts have been adapted for use in the ACT test.There are three major types of ACT essay samples available for schools to use in conjunction with the ACT writing and review sections. One of these types is the popular ACT assignment prompt, where students are given questions that are being offered as a part of the test, and they must answer each question truthfully. This prompt is a great way for students to get familiar with the ACT reading section, which is very important for them to learn.Another prompt is one that is extreme ly popular with students, and it can be used to test their knowledge of the English language and frequent questions that are commonly asked of students. This is often found in the middle of the ACT writing and review section, and it has to do with an argument that has been made in the section. Students will then have to use a particular piece of writing as a tool in order to persuade the audience to agree with their argument. This is often referred to as 'debating.'Another type of prompt is one that is offered as part of the writing section. Students will be given prompts that are similar to those used in the essay portion of the test. They are still required to answer questions, but their paper will be considered a work of art by the ACT administration. In some cases, these prompts are used for two different parts of the exam.There is also the idea of using an ACT essay sample prompt in order to see how students are doing with their previous essays. These types of questions are typ ically shorter than the others that are given out, and they are only required to answer them. This type of essay prompt is usually presented to students at the beginning of the semester, and students can decide which essay that they would like to use. If they choose to use one of the prompts, they may need to turn in a paper.Students may find that these prompts that are presented are very easy to write, but they also require the student to be able to present a very complex material in a manner that makes sense. There are several factors that will be taken into consideration when this type of essay is written. The most important of which is the importance of the topic that the essay is about.As long as the essay that is written is relevant to the topic, then it will be acceptable. While there are always going to be questions that need to be answered, it will be okay if they are not as complex as those that are asked in the final part of the test. One of the main concerns that teacher s have when it comes to this type of essay prompt is whether or not the student can actually answer the essay's questions.Students who are on the right track will have all of the questions answered in their papers. While some students will still need to ask more complex questions, this is not as problematic as it might sound. Any student who can ask the right questions will be able to stand a good chance of making the grade in this portion of the test. Since there are multiple prompts that students can use in order to make a stronger grade, there is no reason why the student should not look at all of the choices before deciding what type of essay will be the best for their needs.

Living in a Home Versus Living in Apartment Essay Example

Living in a Home Versus Living in Apartment Essay Living in a house and living in an apartment have their own set of advantages and disadvantages. An apartment is relatively cheaper and easier to maintain than a real house. An apartment dweller, however, has to deal with responsibilities such as paying the rent on time and complying with the rules of apartment personnel. A house, meanwhile, is considered as an investment in property; homeowners have to deal with mortgage payments, as well as utility bills. Living in an apartment is one of the first real steps towards independence for some individuals, in contrast living in your own home is synonymous to responsibilities such as being able to make mortgages payments consistently. There are many pros and cons to consider making the decision to live at home or an apartment, But always most people will take one option more than another. As the saying goes, with freedom comes responsibility. Young usually are eager to their 18 years to move into an apartment and have independence. They view the apartment as an oasis of freedom, and it is relatively cheaper and easier to maintain than a real house. We will write a custom essay sample on Living in a Home Versus Living in Apartment specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Living in a Home Versus Living in Apartment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Living in a Home Versus Living in Apartment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer On the other hand, for many people buy a home is one of the most significant moments of their lives. According Li, Wenli; Yao, Rui â€Å"The United States is increasingly becoming a country of homeowners. As reported recently by the Census Bureau, close to 70 percent of households now own their primary home. Homeownership is no longer just an American dream; watering lawns, sweeping sidewalks and cleaning drain gutters is no longer the sole privilege of middle-income and affluent households. With the rise in the homeownership rate, an increasing share of household wealth is tied to housing. According to the Federal Reserve Boards Flow of Funds account, residential property accounts for over 30 percent of total household assets, and home equity accounts for over 20 percent of total household net worth† (Li, W. ,Yao,R. 2006). In my opinion, renting an apartment is much simpler than buying a house. There is no mortgage to arrange, no need to prorate property taxes or insurance payments between the old and the new tenant, and, in most cases, no need to enter the transaction in public records as must be done when a building is sold. Anyway as information retrieved from Everest College e-Library, point that, â€Å"A cash deposit as security against damage to the property and prepayment of rent for one or two months may be required. In such cases a new tenant, like a home buyer, may need a substantial amount of ready cash (Housing, 2009). Making the decision to either rent an apartment or buy a home involves more than simply comparing rental rates and mortgage payments. Privacy can be one factor that is definitely affected, somewhat negatively, when it comes to apartments. There are families all around, and invariably some of them are rather curious about what you are doing. The specialist Steve McCutchen said that: â€Å"Apartments invariably tend to have thinner walls than private homes, with the result that what you are doing inside your home might also end up getting known by your neighbors, even if you try your best to keep the noise level to the minimum. In fact if you inverse the situation and heighten the noise element, say when you are having a party at home, there will invariably be protests from your neighbors, which is an unlikely scenario in private homes that often tend to insulate sounds from going too far† (McCutchen, 2010). Anyway this element of privacy has a positive side to it as well; in case of trouble, you have people around you who could assist. In private homes, in case you are alone and find yourself in trouble, chances of somebody else coming to your rescue, simply off the cuff, are quite less. This aspect gets heightened when we take note of the fact that a many apartment complexes have additional provisions for security, which is often completely missing, in the case of private homes. Thus, when it comes to the aspect of security, apartments tend to have an edge. Space is one of the foremost aspects that previous private home owners, now living in apartments, sorely miss. Undoubtedly, apartments tend to have much lesser space. The size of the apartments is a major area of concern. Additionally, other aspects such as space in the driveway as well as space to park ones car(s) also tends to be much less. Although if you are thinking of having your own little garden, invariably you might just have to drop the idea altogether! Thus, as you can clearly see, there are both advantages as well as disadvantages to living in apartments and living in house. Ultimately, it is about how well you are able to adjust to the same, as well as which are the factors that truly affect you, either way. REFERENCES Housing, E. B. (2009). eLibrary. Retrieved from http://elibrary. bigchalk. com McCutchen, S. (2010). Ezine Articles. Retrieved from Ezine Articles: http://EzineArticles. com/? expert=Steve_McCutchen Li, W. , Yao, R. (2006, January 01). Your House Just Doubled in Value? Dont Uncork the Champagne Just Yet!. Business Review Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, 25, Retrieved from http://elibrary. bigchalk. com

The Balance between Sustainable Construction and Project Success in the Current Economical Situation in the UK

Future Tense Definition and Examples in English Grammar

Future Tense Definition and Examples in English Grammar In English grammar, the future is a verb tense (or form) indicating action that has not yet begun. There is no separate inflection (or ending) for the future in English. The simple future is usually expressed by placing the auxiliary will or shall in front of the base form of a verb (I will leave tonight). Other ways to express the future include (but are not limited to) the use of: a present form of ​be plus going to: We are going to leave.the present progressive: They are leaving tomorrow.the simple present: The children leave on Wednesday. Examples and Observations Never believe any war will be smooth and easy.(Winston Churchill)Nothing will work unless you do.(Maya Angelou)I will not charge admission to the bathroom.(Bart Simpson, The Simpsons)Ill be back.(Arnold Schwarzenegger, The Terminator)Scully: Homer, were going to ask you a few simple yes or no questions. Do you understand?Homer: Yes. (Lie detector blows up.)(The Simpsons)You will find happiness, he told her. They were at lunch. The winter held days of sunshine, noons of infinite calm. He broke a piece of bread to cover his confusion, dismayed at the tense of his verb.(James Salter, Light Years. Random House, 1975)And from the sun we are going to find more and more uses for that energy whose power we are so conscious of today.(President John Kennedy, remarks at the Hanford Electric Generating Plant in Hanford, Washington, September 26, 1963)I am about to- or I am going to- die: either expression is used.(Last words of Dominique Bouhours, a 17-century French grammarian) The Status of the Future Tense in English Some languages have three tenses: past, present, and future... English does not have a future tense, at least not as an inflectional category.(Barry J. Blake, All About Language. Oxford University Press, 2008)[T]he future tense has a different status from the other tenses. Rather than being a form of the verb, it is expressed by the modal auxiliary will. Its no accident that the future shares its syntax with words for necessity (must), possibility (can, may, might), and moral obligation (should, ought to), because what will happen is conceptually related to what must happen, what can happen, what should happen, and what we intend to happen. The word will itself is ambiguous between future tense and an expression of determination (as in Sharks or no sharks, I will swim to Alcatraz), and its homonyms show up in free will, strong-willed, and to will something to happen. The same ambiguity between the future and the intended can be found in another marker for the future tense, going to o r gonna. Its as if the language is affirming the ethos that people have the power to make their own futures.(Steven Pinker, The Stuff of Thought. Viking, 2007) Many recent grammarians do not accept future as a tense because it is expressed periphrastically with auxiliaries and because its meaning is partly modal.(Matti Rissanen, Syntax, Cambridge History of the English Language, Vol. 3, ed. by Roger Lass. Cambridge University Press, 2000) The Difference Between Shall and Will The difference between the two verbs is that shall is rather formal-sounding, and a little old-fashioned. Whats more, it is mostly used in British English, and normally only with first-person singular or plural subjects. Recent research has shown that the use of shall is declining rapidly both in the UK and in the US.(Bas Aarts, Oxford Modern English Grammar. Oxford University Press, 2011) Evolving Future Constructions [T]he original job description of these two verbs [shall and will] was not to mark future either- shall meant to owe... and will meant to desire, want... Both verbs were pressed into grammatical service just as (be) going to is currently. Shall is the oldest future marker. It has become rather rare in Australian English, having been pushed out by will. Now gonna is ousting will in exactly the same way. Just as ordinary words wear out over time, so too do grammatical ones. We are always in the business of seeking new future constructions and there are plenty of fresh recruits on the market. Wanna and halfta are both potential future auxiliaries. But their take-over will never happen in our lifetime- youll be relieved about this, Im sure.(Kate Burridge, Gift of the Gob: Morsels of English Language History. HarperCollins Australia, 2011)

Ethics in Health Administration

Ethics in Health Administration As Morrison (2005), notes in his book entitled, â€Å"Ethics in Health Administration: A Practical Approach for Decision Makers,† the word autonomy is derived from the theories that were studied in the first chapter of the book. In this case, the exploration of the principle of autonomy will be in regards to its application in the field of healthcare.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics in Health Administration specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Morrison (2005), autonomy covers four main areas in the healthcare profession. The areas covered by autonomy include autonomy as an informed consent, autonomy as confidentiality, autonomy as truth telling, and autonomy as fidelity. All these areas are important for a healthcare administrator because they provide a basis on which the administrator can advocate for better services in the healthcare profession. To begin with, the first area of autonomy is kn own as autonomy as an informed consent. According to Morrison (2005), for this principle of autonomy to take effect, there must be a condition, which must be satisfied. The condition is that free will or choice of an individual ought to receive protection at all times. Therefore, in a healthcare setting, individuals can make choices that may be contrary to the healthcare practitioner’s will. For this reason, the role of the healthcare administrator will be to ensure that all the physicians in the organizations respect the choices made by the patients regarding treatment and other important factors pertaining the health of the patient. No physician would embark on any remedial procedures on a patient before obtaining written permission from the patient. The principle of confidentiality is the second area of autonomy. According to Morrison (2005), confidentiality means to keep the information regarding a patient’s identity, medical history and their family background sec ret. It is very important for healthcare practitioners to keep their patient’s information private. However, some instances may require the health practitioner to disclose information about a patient in order for the patient to obtain the right treatment. In such conditions, the health practitioner may disclose only the information required to carry out proper treatment. However, the health practitioner must obtain consent from the patient (Morrison, 2005). Therefore, as a healthcare administrator, one ought to ensure that healthcare practitioners receive proper training on how to keep their patients information private. When the achievement of this goal takes place, the healthcare profession will receive a high rating and this will increase the patients’ confidence in the healthcare systems.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The third principle of autonom y is autonomy as truth telling. Telling the truth is very important in the healthcare profession. It is very important that the healthcare practitioners tell the patients the truth (Morrison, 2005). At times, the truth may be difficult to relay to the patient because of the emotional reactions it may evoke. Therefore, the healthcare administrators must ensure that the health practitioners must always tell the truth to the patient in order to gain the patients’ trust and loyalty. Finally, the last principle of autonomy is known as autonomy as fidelity. In this principle, one learns that it is very important for the physicians to keep their word to not only the patients but also the employees in the organization (Morrison, 2005). All healthcare administrators should ensure that they fulfill the promises that they give to the patients and the employees as well. This enhances the trust between the parties involved and as a result, the healthcare profession acquires more trust and reliability from the stakeholders. In conclusion, autonomy involves four main principles, which include autonomy as informed consent, autonomy as confidentiality, autonomy as truth telling, and autonomy as fidelity. It is therefore evident that autonomy does not only involve choice but it also incorporates other vital factors. The healthcare administrators have an important role of ensuring that all the four principles of autonomy take effect in the healthcare organizations. Therefore, through advocacy means such as training and policy formulation, the healthcare administrators ensure that the healthcare systems are trustworthy and reliable. Reference Morrison, E. (2005). Ethics in Health Administration: A Practical Approach for Decision Makers. Sudbury: Jones Bartlett Publishers.